About 50% of batteries installed in electric cars are recycled after 5 to 7 years, when they still have about 80% of their original capacity. A study presented today at the German Renewable Energy Federation (BEE) in Berlin shows that, instead of recycling, old EV batteries can be successfully reused by both households and utilities.
Germany is planning to put 1 million electric cars on the road by 2020. So, if we consider the battery size to be 40 kWh in average, a secondary life rate of 80%, and a battery upgrade after 7 years, a million cars means 25 GWh of second-life storage capacity for the country, explained Gerard Reid from Alexa Capital, the author of the study, at the presentation at BEE.
Using Bloomberg Finance EV sales forecast, the study calculates that in 2030, when the number of electric vehicles sold worldwide is expected to reach 88 million, the cumulative installed capacity of secondary batteries will increase up to 1000 GWh.
While other automobile manufacturers report declining sales, Tesla electric cars showed more than 50% increase last year, noted Gerard Reid. It is not the future. Its happening now.
The number of batteries available for second usage will increase with the number of cars, and, since EV manufacturers are constantly aiming to upgrade their products, possible results might be even more impressive, the study suggests. Today, the latest generation of EV batteries already has 20-30% greater capacity than those of 5 years ago.
The study analyzes various cases of further usage of second-life batteries. PV+storage residential model is one of the most obvious scenarios. According to the analysis, in five years from now, the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for PV+storage system with a new li-ion battery in Germany will be 23% cheaper than electricity grid rates. Usage of cheaper second-life EV batteries can cause LCOE level to drop by further 10%, down to 33% under grid rates.
Residential PV sector is not the only business model for second-life EV batteries. The research concludes that, in order to maximize the future potential of reused batteries for on- and off-grid renewable energy systems, a supportive regulation and policy framework have to be created.
Old but gold
The study presented by BEE today assumes that second-life EV batteries can be used for 10-15 years before being recycled. However, considering, that a battery has already been used in an electric car for 7 years, what are the chances that its capacity will not decline dramatically for another 10-15 years?
These chances are rather high, says Thomas Raffeiner, CEO of The Mobility House. An electric car battery has to endure adverse circumstances of high and cold temperatures, also, owners usually discharge and charge their cars very fast, which is stressful for a battery. On the other hand, when being used in a less stressful environment, even a second-life battery can last long.
The Mobility House is a German organization formed to support auto manufacturers in more than 20 countries. In November last year, it started a "second use" project developed in a partnership with automaker Daimler and Getec Energie. The project includes what is claimed to be the worlds largest re-use of EV batteries, a 13 MWh system installed at a recycling facility in Lünen, Germany.
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