Green Gravity is turning to the former cornerstone of Australia’s wealth, coal mining, to remove the final hurdle for a fully renewable electricity system. It is proposing to lift and release ultra-heavy weights in legacy mine shafts, in a reimagining of how the universal force of attraction, gravity, can be used to store renewable energy.
While the hyped Swiss startup Energy Vault recently hit rocky waters, Green Gravity CEO Mark Swinnerton is adamant that his company has distinct merits, many of which stem from the fact that its concept is rooted in redeploying abandoned but very abundant infrastructure. In recent weeks, Green Gravity secured AUD 1.4 million in its first formal fundraising round with a range of private investors, “with plenty of surplus interest,” Swinnerton told pv magazine Australia.“We are working toward a larger raise in a few months time when we firm up the capital cost for the demonstration plant.”
Swinnerton added that he has been engaging with bigger funds and received strong interest. It's notable that Energy Vault attracted investment from Leonardo DiCaprio, among other big names.
Green Gravity’s new team has also launched studies of its supply chain and manufacturing footprint. This is something Swinnerton, who spent almost two decades at mining giant BHP, insists will be far easier than with other storage solutions.
“We don’t have to go and mine the lithium, or process it with new systems, we don’t have the recycle the chemicals because we don’t have any chemicals,” said Swinnerton. “People ask sometimes, ‘why suddenly are you able to find something so simple and yet it’s an open market?’ and my answer is, ‘it’s really because it’s never been needed before.' The only reason it’s needed now is because renewable penetration has increased past an inflection point where now all of a sudden natural hedging doesn’t work in the market, you need more storage assets.”
Tech proposition
Green Gravity’s technology is flexible in two keys ways, according to Swinnerton.
“The first one is the power of the system is associated with how fast we move the weights through the mine shafts. Of course a motor can go at different speeds, therefore we can elect to change the duration and ratings of that dynamically, if we need to,” he said. “Which is unusual – most energy systems can’t change their duration dynamically.”
How the company plans to be do this is using advanced software and artificial intelligence (AI).
“What we’re going to be doing is move multiple objects around without being able to see them. So the AI is going to be able to help improve the responsiveness of the sensing systems, to be able to learn how to optimize the movement, and how to better respond to the needs of electricity grid in real time to be able to learn how to make our system match and support the grid,” Swinnerton said. “We’re looking at models that can provide inertia potentially, we’re looking at models which can certainly play in the grid stability and the variety of frequency and voltage markets. We’re also designed to have multiple durations and we think these deep mine shafts [which can be double the height of the Sydney tower in depth] have a real opportunity for mid- or long-duration storage.”
Green Gravity is ultimately seeking to bring a range of storage products to market. The first, Swinnerton said, will offer between two to three hours of duration, but he says there’s potential for shorter duration which focuses on grid support as well as a long duration model. The second realm where Green Gravity can offer flexibility, Swinnerton says, comes back to the infrastructure it will be using.
“Because we can use infrastructure that is already there, we can get a very low cost footprint,” he said. “We can attach the capacity in at similar unit costs to pumped hydro, but for a lot less capital. So you don’t have to pay AUD 700 million dollars like you do in some of the big pumped schemes. You just say, ‘well, we’ll pay AUD 30 million’. You’ll get less energy, but you’ll get a similar unit cost outcome to the pumped hydro and there’s lots of them.”
That is to say, Green Gravity isn’t seeking to do one big project, but rather lots of littler ones – a model which lowers risks and affords greater financing flexibility. Which brings us to another important facet of the proposition: Australia is littered with mine shafts. “Australia’s mining history was everywhere,” Swinnerton said.
The company has discovered at least 3 GWh of potential storage capacity from the 175 sites it has assessed and found to be suitable. “I can guarantee you unequivocally that there is more than that available – and that’s just in Australia. There are many, many gigawatt-hours that are up for grabs in the rest of the world that Australia should be looking at,” said Swinnerton.
He added that he thinks the Green Gravity’s concept will also offer legacy mine sites a valuable exchange, providing them with an income stream to fund their rehabilitation.
Again, this is a fairly straightforward concept: Green Gravity would come in and reuse the site’s shafts and possibly other infrastructure, providing mines which are no longer selling product with a constant trickle of cash to restore the sites. This would be especially useful for mine sites owned by government, for which taxpayers need to foot the rehab bill.
Australia's recent ‘greenslide’ federal election, coupled with the ongoing fight to secure battery materials, has only boosted Green Gravity’s prospects, according to Swinnerton. “I think there is a real chance of an acceleration and am certainly keen to engage with the incoming government around this point,” he said.
The company is now in the final stages of settling a significant operating partnership, with an announcement anticipated in the coming weeks.
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Well, I for one will not be investing in gravity storage. You need to lift 1000 tonnes 370m to store 1MWh. It simply does not scale to grid scale. It’s pure fantasy, or sucker bait.